Orders of Foraminifera (based on wall structure and chemistry) with some of the more common families

URBINO SUMMER SCHOOL IN PALEOCLIMATOLOGY

2005

DEEP-SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA

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Web Resources, Foraminifera
References

Exercise benthic foraminifera, USSP 2005:

Look at figures of benthic foraminifera listed below; classify by Order and Family using morphology as shown in HOLBOURN, A., MACLEOD, N., and HENDERSON, A., 2005. Paleobase: deep-sea benthic foraminifera. CD-ROM. Blackwell Scientific Publishing.

See below listing of Families for assignment of species to Family

LIST OF FORAMINIFERA: Genus/species name

Ammonia parkinsoniana
Astrononion stelligerum
Frondicularia sagittula
Ammodiscus latus
Elphidium macellum
Spiroplectammina spectabilis
Epistominella exigua
Hoeglundina elegans
Chilostomella oolina
Brizalina aliformis
Rhizammina indivisa
Bulimina alazanensis
Repmanina charoides
Nuttallides umbonifera
Ordorsalis umbonatus
Uvigerina pigmea
Psammosphaera fusca
Rzhehakina epigona
Stilostomella lepidula
Pleurostomella
Cibicidoides mundulus
Cassidulina laevigata
Lenticulina iota

Orders of Foraminifera (based on wall structure and chemistry) with some of the more common families (after B. K. Sen Gupta, 1999: Systematics of Modern Foraminifera. In: B. K. Sen Gupta, ed., Modern Foraminifera, Chapter 2 (p. 7-35), Kluwer Academic Publishers).

Only some of the more common orders/families are listed below

ASTRORHIZIDA: agglutinated, organic (proteinaceous) cement, usually 1 chamber or branching tube, no septa; Cambrian-Recent

Family Psammosphareidae: test globular or irregular, several may be joined together; no distinct aperture
Family Rhabdamminae: branching or twisted tube

LITUOLIDA: agglutinated, organic cement, many chambers, usually planispiral spiral, some trocho- or streptospiral; some uncoiled in last part; Cambrian-Recent

Family Ammodiscidae: two-chambered test, spherical initial chamber and tubular (coiled or uncoiled) second chamber
Family Rhzehakinidae: planispiral or milioline coiling, imperforate
Family Lituolidae: coiled throughout or spiral followed by linear part
Family Spiroplectamminidae: planispiral or streptospiral in early part, followed by biserial or uniserial part.

TROCHAMMINIDA: agglutinated; organic cement, many chambers, usually trochospiral, some uncoiled in later part; Cambrian-Recent

TEXTULARIIDA: agglutinated, low Mg-calcite cement; Cambrian-Recent

Family Textulariidae: trochospiral, triserial, in some with biserial or uniserial part. Aperture interiomarginal or areal, in the latter cases single or multiple

MILIOLIDA: high Mg calcite, imperforate, many chambers (porcellaneous, no pores); miliolid chamber arrangment; Carboniferous-Recent

Superfamily Miliolacea: imperforate (porcellaneous), multichambered, chambers arranged in various planes. Aperture terminal, with tooth plate.

LAGENIDA: low Mg calcite, hyaline; pores, 1 or many chambers, uniserial or planispiral; monolamellar; Carboniferous-Recent

Family Nodosariidae: test multichambered, uniserial or biserial, aperture terminal
Family Lagenidae: unilocular

BULIMINIDA: low Mg calcite; hyaline; pores; many chambers; bilamellar; aperture in many forms with toothplate; high trochospiral, triserial, biserial, uniserial. Triassic?-Recent

Family Buliminidae: aperture loop-shaped with tooth plate, test triserial; wall structure radial
Family Bolivinidae: aperture elongate with toothplate, interiomarginal or areal, test biserial; wall structure radial
Family Cassidulinidae: biserial chamber arrangement, coild planispirally
Family Pleurostomellidae: test triserial or biserial changing to uniserial. Or uniserial throughout; aperture areal, slitlike, partially covered; internal siphon; wall granular
Family Stilostomellidae: uniserial, aperture terminal, with phialine lip, small toothplate; wall granular
Family Uvigerinidae: aperture terminal, extended into a neck; test triserial throughout or in early stages; internal toothplate; wall structure radial

ROTALIIDA: low Mg calcite; hyaline; pores; many chambers; bilamellar; trocho- or planispiral, annular, irregular; Triassic-Recent

Family Chilostomellidae: test low planispiral to trochospiral; later chambers enveloping earlier ones; chambers without internal partitions; wall structure granular
Family Cibicididae: low trochospiral test throughout, or uniserial or biserial in later part, or planispiral or annular in later part. Aperture anterior-marginal in trochospiral forms, usually extending from involute to evolute side
Family Epistominariidae: test trochospiral, chambers with complete or incomplete internal partitions; primary apertures interiomarginal or areal; wall structure radial
Family Oridorsalidae: test low trochospiral, primary aperture interiomarginal, secondary apertures sutural, on both sides of test; wall structure granular
Family Nonionidae: planispiral throughout, or early part planispiral; aperture slit-like or number of pores; wall structure granular
Family Pseudoparrellidae: test low trochospiral, aperture partially interiomarginal and partly an almost vertical slit on the terminal chamber face; wall structure radial
Family Rotaliidae: test low trochospiral, usually with radial, intraseptal, or sutural canals or fissures. Wall structure radial, few granuler exceptions.
Family Elphidiidae: planispiral to low trochospiral; sutural canal system and pores; wall structure radial

ROBERTINIDA: aragonite; pores; many chambers; trochospiral; Triassic-Recent

Family Epistominidae: primary aperture slit on test margin

LIST OF FORAMINIFERA: Genus/species name, family name

1. Ammonia parkinsoniana, Family Rotaliidae (Order Rotaliida)

2. Astrononion stelligerum, Family Nonionidae (Order Rotaliida)

3. Frondicularia sagittula Family Nodosariidae (Order Lagenida)

4. Ammodiscus latus Family Ammodiscidae (Order Lituolida)

5. Elphidium macellum Family Elphidiidae (Order Rotaliida)

6. Spiroplectammina spectabilis Family Spiroplectamminidae

7. Epistominella exigua Family Pseudoparrellidae (Order Rotaliida)

8. Hoeglundina elegans Family Epistominidae (Order Robertinida)

9. Chilostomella oolina, Family Chilostomellidae (Order Rotaliida)

10. Brizalina aliformis, Family Bolivinidae (Order Buliminida)

11. Rhizammina indivisa, Family Rhabdamminidae (Order Astrorhizida)

12. Bulimina alazanensis, Family Buliminidae (Order Buliminida)

13. Repmanina charoides, Family Ammodiscidae (Order Lituolida)

14. Nuttallides umbonifera, Family Epistominaridae (Order Rotaliida)

15. Oridorsalis umbonatus, Family Oridorsalidae (Order Rotaliida)

16. Uvigerina pigmea, Family Uvigerinidae (Order Buliminida)

17. Psammosphaera fusca, family Psammosphaeridae (Order Astrorhizidae)

18. Rzhehakina epigona, Family Rhehakinidae (Order Lituolida)

19. Stilostomella lepidula, Family Stilostomellidae (Order Buliminida)

20. Pleurostomella, Family Pleurostomellidae (Order Buliminida)

21. Cibicidoides mundulus, Family Cibicididae (Order Rotaliida)

22. Cassidulina laevigata, Family Cassidulinidae (Order Rotaliida)

23. Lenticulina iota, Family Nodosariidae (Order Lagenida)