Appendix B. Measurements of fossil specimens. All specimens are deposited at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. PW = petiole width "*These specimens were identified in Wilf et al. (2001) to Populus cinnamomoides (Lesquereux) MacGinitie, and they match the newly named species P. tidwellii that was split from P. cinnamomoides by Manchester, Judd, and Handley (2006)." "Manchester, S. R., W. S. Judd, and B. Handley. 2006. Foliage and fruits of early poplars (Salicaceae: Populus) from the Eocene of Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. International Journal of Plant Sciences 167:897-908." "Wilf, P., C. C. Labandeira, K. R. Johnson, P. D. Coley, and A. D. Cutter. 2001. Insect herbivory, plant defense, and early Cenozoic climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98:6221-6226." Specimen ID Species PW (mm) Leaf area (mm2) Republic 25083 aff. Crataegus 0.80 1117.0 I147TT aff. Crataegus 0.48 154.3 I7045 aff. Crataegus 0.57 614.4 17216 Alnus parvifolia 0.86 1300.6 17281 Alnus parvifolia 0.53 442.8 17394 Alnus parvifolia 0.89 374.4 17528 Alnus parvifolia 0.70 701.8 17868 Alnus parvifolia 1.19 668.1 18247 Alnus parvifolia 1.03 754.4 18371 Alnus parvifolia 0.80 836.5 18395 Alnus parvifolia 0.62 363.4 18471 Alnus parvifolia 1.02 1163.8 25263 (F832) Alnus parvifolia 0.70 864.2 E317H5 Alnus parvifolia 0.82 913.3 E319 Alnus parvifolia 0.64 1117.8 E426 Alnus parvifolia 0.89 713.8 F11C Alnus parvifolia 0.93 766.6 F143 Alnus parvifolia 0.88 209.9 F280N4 Alnus parvifolia 0.89 2212.8 F351 Alnus parvifolia 1.34 3541.0 F392G6 Alnus parvifolia 1.25 554.0 F594 Alnus parvifolia 0.75 451.6 F597 Alnus parvifolia 0.69 541.5 F599R8 Alnus parvifolia 0.86 807.8 F60648 Alnus parvifolia 0.87 497.2 F747I11 Alnus parvifolia 0.87 1071.8 F771 Alnus parvifolia 0.75 628.6 F89U Alnus parvifolia 0.98 1976.8 G160SS Alnus parvifolia 0.48 294.0 G161 Alnus parvifolia 0.81 999.9 G302 Alnus parvifolia 0.60 825.3 G343 Alnus parvifolia 0.95 1337.0 G498Q6 Alnus parvifolia 0.80 1504.2 G63N Alnus parvifolia 0.71 1762.8 G65P Alnus parvifolia 0.56 558.9 H024E Alnus parvifolia 0.70 678.1 H40P Alnus parvifolia 0.59 597.6 H88 Alnus parvifolia 0.62 563.0 I177 Alnus parvifolia 0.77 554.0 I64 Alnus parvifolia 0.88 4150.2 17507 Betula leopoldae 0.67 2261.5 E155 Betula leopoldae 1.16 2370.7 E415L6 Betula leopoldae 1.10 1168.6 F206E3 Betula leopoldae 1.07 1782.5 F340W5 Betula leopoldae 0.88 851.3 17330 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 0.73 1149.2 17360 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.08 1223.0 17362 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.23 1181.7 17681 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.01 653.2 17852 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.12 1539.5 18466 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 0.91 1810.4 25061 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.50 2760.2 25064 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.54 3573.5 [no designation] Cercidiphyllum obtritum 0.96 2197.5 E128A3 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 0.84 850.3 E129B3 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 0.99 572.4 F298 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 0.95 2028.7 F338U5 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.13 1530.7 F426 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 0.83 705.5 F470B11 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.20 1431.8 F734 Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.68 3030.6 I167R Cercidiphyllum obtritum 1.45 1242.9 17260 Cornus sp. 1.10 5046.0 17685 Cornus sp. 0.89 1580.5 17496 Crataegus sp. 0.79 857.6 18263 Crataegus sp. 1.40 1489.5 25088 Ericaceae sp. 0.60 494.2 F754N11 Ericaceae sp. 0.92 657.8 17862 Itea sp. 1.88 4310.2 18130 Itea sp. 1.18 1725.1 E402H6 Itea sp. 1.35 2152.7 17853 Macginitiea gracilis 0.72 1259.0 25050 Macginitiea gracilis 1.52 2943.2 25282 (G74) Photinia pageae 0.45 1223.0 F732V10 Photinia pageae 0.53 363.7 17027 Prunus sp. 1.76 3032.0 17343 Prunus sp. 0.68 3050.7 25077 Rhus malloryi 0.70 1171.2 25286 Rhus malloryi 0.66 389.8 25283 (H232TT) Rhus malloryi 0.60 1243.2 F221 Rhus malloryi 0.50 201.9 F23 Rhus malloryi 1.03 458.6 I110JJ Rhus malloryi 0.74 337.3 I7557 Rhus malloryi 0.37 362.1 17594 Sassafras hesperia 0.73 720.6 17905 Sassafras hesperia 1.71 2334.4 18391 Sassafras hesperia 1.29 2374.6 25259 (H98) Sassafras hesperia 1.59 2781.3 17495 Spiraea sp. 0.72 298.9 17505 Spiraea sp. 0.68 494.1 17679 Spiraea sp. 0.49 125.3 17973 Spiraea sp. 0.79 832.1 18126 Spiraea sp. 0.76 522.2 18127 Spiraea sp. 0.67 563.1 25079 Spiraea sp. 0.53 527.3 25080 Spiraea sp. 0.52 302.6 25105 Ternstroemia sp. 1.55 2171.5 F28H Ternstroemia sp. 1.63 2379.9 17021 Ulmus sp. 0.72 1666.3 17689 Ulmus sp. 1.02 2643.9 17863 Ulmus sp. 1.71 2701.4 17863 Ulmus sp. 1.38 2546.8 25063 Ulmus sp. 1.29 3521.0 E614 Ulmus sp. 1.17 3016.4 F728 Ulmus sp. 0.68 900.1 G98DD Ulmus sp. 1.05 2335.2 18354 Zelkova sp. 3.03 8794.1 25089 Zelkova sp. 1.11 1147.9 25086 Zizyphoides flabella 1.09 2377.6 G430EG Zizyphoides flabella 0.81 1477.6 Bonanza 9151 Allophylus flexifolia 0.83 1847.4 9172 Allophylus flexifolia 1.39 1834.2 9817 Allophylus flexifolia 0.86 797.4 10035 Allophylus flexifolia 1.01 2135.6 9621 Caesalpinia pecorae 0.64 130.3 9630 Caesalpinia pecorae 0.54 136.1 9638 Caesalpinia pecorae 0.97 191.2 9897 Caesalpinia pecorae 0.53 130.7 9899 Caesalpinia pecorae 0.57 75.6 9562 Cardiospermum coloradensis 0.75 494.4 9576 Cardiospermum coloradensis 0.69 273.1 9182 Cedrelospermum nervosum 1.25 928.4 9185 Cedrelospermum nervosum 1.20 497.9 9193 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.61 161.2 9246 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.84 343.2 9261 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.94 721.8 9263 Cedrelospermum nervosum 1.39 721.4 9264 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.96 409.2 9269 Cedrelospermum nervosum 1.12 532.0 9272 Cedrelospermum nervosum 1.02 555.7 9286 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.75 173.8 9300 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.59 292.8 9322 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.84 242.2 9327 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.79 240.7 9832 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.56 146.3 9839 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.62 161.6 9862 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.82 244.3 9864 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.61 128.7 10146 Cedrelospermum nervosum 0.83 144.8 9929 Leguminosites lesquereuxiana 1.01 564.0 9932 Leguminosites lesquereuxiana 1.09 669.0 9936 Leguminosites lesquereuxiana 1.30 639.1 9941 Leguminosites lesquereuxiana 1.47 1795.4 10018 Leguminosites lesquereuxiana 1.03 808.4 10024 Leguminosites lesquereuxiana 1.02 673.1 9075 Macginitiea wyomingensis 1.12 1454.3 9090 Macginitiea wyomingensis 1.92 4466.6 9092 Macginitiea wyomingensis 0.87 765.9 9103 Macginitiea wyomingensis 1.18 3722.1 9691 Macginitiea wyomingensis 0.59 2800.5 9750 Macginitiea wyomingensis 2.23 10548.2 10017 Macginitiea wyomingensis 0.80 922.7 9517 Parvileguminophyllum coloradensis 0.55 64.9 9519 Parvileguminophyllum coloradensis 0.52 56.5 9539 Parvileguminophyllum coloradensis 0.61 65.7 9781 Parvileguminophyllum coloradensis 0.55 72.2 9802 Parvileguminophyllum coloradensis 0.44 30.6 9652 Populus tidwellii* 0.81 421.0 9886 Populus tidwellii* 0.92 562.0 9119 Populus wilmattae 1.61 3605.6 9763 Populus wilmattae 0.47 1258.9 10078 Populus wilmattae 0.74 273.7 9149 Rhus nigricans 1.10 901.6 9154 Rhus nigricans 0.83 381.1 9156 Rhus nigricans 1.14 829.7 9159 Rhus nigricans 1.05 799.7 9757 Rhus nigricans 0.80 248.9 9758 Rhus nigricans 1.50 817.5 9760 Rhus nigricans 1.06 547.5 9761 Rhus nigricans 1.15 843.8 9903 Rhus nigricans 1.24 371.6 9918 Rhus nigricans 1.48 685.0 9924 Rhus nigricans 0.97 334.7 9927 Rhus nigricans 1.28 687.9 10088 Rhus nigricans 0.83 324.2 9588 Salix cockerelli 0.91 1364.0 9589 Salix cockerelli 1.18 958.9 9604 Salix cockerelli 1.97 3098.2 10063 Salix cockerelli 0.69 213.5 10065 Salix cockerelli 0.95 689.2 15049 Salix cockerelli 1.42 1171.2 9667 Styrax transversa 0.58 332.7 9668 Styrax transversa 0.66 714.2 9670 Styrax transversa 0.51 457.4 9672 Styrax transversa 0.81 1289.2 9607 Syzygioides americana 2.04 961.1 10072 Syzygioides americana 1.35 621.8